{"id":5718,"date":"2025-11-14T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elmeistrai.lt\/?p=5718"},"modified":"2025-10-07T15:16:18","modified_gmt":"2025-10-07T12:16:18","slug":"nuotolinio-valdymo-pulto-infraraudonieji-spinduliai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elmeistrai.lt\/fr\/nuotolinio-valdymo-pulto-infraraudonieji-spinduliai\/","title":{"rendered":"Nuotolinio valdymo pulto infraraudonieji spinduliai"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kaip tas ma\u017eas plastikas valdo j\u016bs\u0173 televizori\u0173<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Gal kada nors susim\u0105st\u0117te, kaip tas nedidelis pultelis j\u016bs\u0173 rankose gali valdyti televizori\u0173, oro kondicionieri\u0173 ar garso sistem\u0105 i\u0161 keli\u0173 metr\u0173 atstumo? Joki\u0173 laid\u0173, jokio fizinio kontakto \u2013 tiesiog nukreipiate j\u012f \u012f \u012frengin\u012f, paspaud\u017eiate mygtuk\u0105 ir magija \u012fvyksta. Na, ne visai magija. Tai infraraudon\u0173j\u0173 spinduli\u0173 darbas, ir \u0161iandien pa\u017evelgsime, kaip visa tai veikia nuo pat prad\u017ei\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daugelis \u017emoni\u0173 naudoja nuotolinius pultus kasdien, bet retai kas sustoja pagalvoti apie technologij\u0105, kuri slepiasi po ta plastikine d\u0117\u017ee su mygtukais. O ten vyksta gana \u012fdom\u016bs dalykai \u2013 \u0161viesos impulsai, koduotos \u017einut\u0117s ir beveik momentinis informacijos perdavimas. Viskas prasid\u0117jo dar pra\u0117jusio am\u017eiaus viduryje, kai in\u017einieriai ie\u0161kojo b\u016bd\u0173, kaip \u017emon\u0117ms leisti valdyti \u012frenginius nekeliantis nuo sofos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Infraraudonoji \u0161viesa \u2013 nematomoji ry\u0161io priemon\u0117<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Infraraudonieji spinduliai yra tiesiog \u0161viesa, kuri\u0105 m\u016bs\u0173 akys nemato. Jei prisiminsime fizikos pamokas, tai elektromagnetin\u0117 spinduliuot\u0117, turinti \u0161iek tiek ilgesn\u012f bangos ilg\u012f nei matoma \u0161viesa. \u017dmogaus akis mato spalvas nuo violetin\u0117s iki raudonos, o infraraudonoji \u0161viesa prasideda ten, kur raudonoji baigiasi \u2013 ma\u017edaug nuo 700 nanometr\u0173 bangos ilgio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kod\u0117l b\u016btent infraraudonoji \u0161viesa? Pirma, ji nematoma, tod\u0117l netrukdo \u017ei\u016br\u0117ti televizoriaus ar kino. Antra, j\u0105 gana lengva ir pigiai generuoti naudojant specialius \u0161viesos diodus (LED). Tre\u010dia, ji nepraeina pro sienas, tod\u0117l j\u016bs\u0173 pultelis ne\u012fjungs kaimyno televizoriaus. Na, nebent nukreipsite j\u012f tiesiai \u012f lang\u0105 ir tur\u0117site labai galing\u0105 pultel\u012f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daugelis \u017emoni\u0173 m\u0117gina fotografuoti pult\u0105 telefono kamera, kai nori patikrinti, ar jis veikia. Ir tai veikia! Kameros jutikliai mato infraraudon\u0105j\u0105 \u0161vies\u0105, tod\u0117l ekrane matote m\u0117lyn\u0105 ar balt\u0105 \u0161vyt\u0117jim\u0105, kai spaud\u017eiate pulto mygtukus. Tai paprastas b\u016bdas patikrinti, ar baterijos dar gyvas ar pultelis sugedo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kod\u0173 kalba: kaip pultelis \u201ekalba” su televizoriumi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dabar \u012fdomiausia dalis \u2013 kaip pultelis perduoda komandas. Tai ne tiesiog \u0161viesos blykstel\u0117jimas. Kai paspaud\u017eiate mygtuk\u0105, pavyzd\u017eiui, \u201egarsiau”, pultelyje esantis ma\u017eytis mikroprocesorius sukuria specifin\u0119 skaitmenin\u0119 \u017einut\u0119. \u0160i \u017einut\u0117 yra tarsi Morz\u0117s ab\u0117c\u0117l\u0117, tik daug greitesn\u0117 ir sud\u0117tingesn\u0117.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Infraraudonasis diodas pradeda mirks\u0117ti labai dideliu da\u017eniu \u2013 paprastai apie 38 000 kart\u0173 per sekund\u0119 (38 kHz). \u017dmogus to nemato, nes tai vyksta per greitai. \u0160is mirks\u0117jimas n\u0117ra atsitiktinis \u2013 jis koduoja informacij\u0105. Ilgesni impulsai gali reik\u0161ti \u201e1″, trumpesni \u2013 \u201e0″, ir taip sudaroma dvejetain\u0117 \u017einut\u0117, kuri\u0105 televizorius gali suprasti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skirtingi gamintojai naudoja skirtingus protokolus. Sony turi savo kodavimo sistem\u0105, Samsung \u2013 savo, Philips \u2013 dar kitoki\u0105. Tai tarsi skirtingos kalbos. \u0160tai kod\u0117l j\u016bs\u0173 televizoriaus pultelis paprastai nevaldo DVD grotuvo ar oro kondicionieriaus. Jie tiesiog \u201enesupranta” vienas kito. Universal\u016bs pultai i\u0161moko kelias ar net keliolika \u0161i\u0173 kalb\u0173, tod\u0117l gali bendrauti su daugeliu \u012frengini\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kas vyksta televizoriaus pus\u0117je<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Televizoriuje yra infraraudon\u0173j\u0173 spinduli\u0173 imtuvas \u2013 ma\u017eytis komponentas, paprastai pasl\u0117ptas u\u017e tamsaus plastiko priekyje. \u0160is imtuvas nuolat \u201eklausosi” \u2013 laukia signal\u0173 i\u0161 pulto. Kai gauna mirksint\u012f 38 kHz signal\u0105, jis pradeda analizuoti impuls\u0173 sek\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Televizoriaus mikroprocesorius dekoduoja gaut\u0105 \u017einut\u0119 ir patikrina, ar tai tikrai skirta jam. Jei komanda atpa\u017e\u012fstama (pavyzd\u017eiui, \u201epadidinti gars\u0105”), procesorius vykdo atitinkam\u0105 veiksm\u0105. Visas \u0161is procesas vyksta per kelias milisekundes, tod\u0117l jums atrodo, kad viskas vyksta akimirksniu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u012edomu tai, kad imtuvas turi b\u016bti gana jautrus, bet ne per daug. Jei jis b\u016bt\u0173 per jautrus, jis reaguot\u0173 \u012f kiekvien\u0105 infraraudon\u0105j\u012f \u0161altin\u012f \u2013 saul\u0117s \u0161vies\u0105, kaitinam\u0105sias lemputes, net \u012f j\u016bs\u0173 k\u016bno skleid\u017eiam\u0105 \u0161ilum\u0105. Tod\u0117l jis specialiai sukonstruotas reaguoti tik \u012f tam tikro da\u017enio (paprastai 38 kHz) mirks\u0117jim\u0105, ignoruojant kit\u0105 infraraudon\u0105j\u0105 spinduliuot\u0119.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kod\u0117l kartais pultelis neveikia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Visi esame patyr\u0119 t\u0105 frustracij\u0105, kai pultelis tiesiog atsisako veikti. Da\u017eniausiai kaltos i\u0161sikrovusios baterijos, bet ne visada. Infraraudonieji spinduliai keliauja tiesiai, tod\u0117l bet koks kliuvinys tarp pulto ir televizoriaus gali blokuoti signal\u0105. Jei ant televizoriaus stovi vazon\u0117lis ar koks nors kitas daiktas prie\u0161 imtuv\u0105 \u2013 signalui nebus kaip prasiskverbti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taip pat svarbu atstumas. Dauguma pult\u0173 veikia iki 5-10 metr\u0173 atstumo, bet tai priklauso nuo pulto galios ir imtuvo jautrumo. Kuo toliau, tuo silpnesnis signalas. Jei s\u0117dite per toli, gali tekti keliskart spausti mygtuk\u0105, kol komanda pagaliau pasieks televizori\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dar viena problema \u2013 kampo ribojimas. Infraraudonieji spinduliai sklinda k\u016bgiu, ne visomis kryptimis vienodai. Jei laikote pult\u0105 per daug \u012f \u0161on\u0105, signalas gali nepataikyti \u012f imtuv\u0105. Tod\u0117l instinktyviai nukreipiame pult\u0105 tiesiai \u012f televizori\u0173 \u2013 taip didinamos s\u0117km\u0117s \u0161ansai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saul\u0117s \u0161viesa gali trukdyti, ypa\u010d jei televizorius stovi prie lango. Saul\u0117 skleid\u017eia daug infraraudonosios spinduliuot\u0117s, kuri gali \u201eapakinti” imtuv\u0105. Tai pana\u0161u \u012f tai, kaip sunku gird\u0117ti k\u0105 nors \u0161nab\u017edant triuk\u0161mingoje aplinkoje. Jei pastebite, kad dien\u0105 pultelis veikia blogiau nei vakare, grei\u010diausiai kaltas saul\u0117s \u0161viesoje esantis infraraudonasis spektras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nuo mechanini\u0173 jungikli\u0173 iki infraraudon\u0173j\u0173 spinduli\u0173<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pirmieji nuotoliniai valdymo pultai atsirado dar 1950-aisiais ir buvo gana keisti pagal \u0161iandienos standartus. Zenith kompanijos sukurtas \u201eLazy Bones” 1950 metais buvo prijungtas prie televizoriaus laidu \u2013 tai buvo nuotolinis valdymas tik techni\u0161kai, nes vis tiek reik\u0117jo vado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tikrasis prover\u017eis \u012fvyko 1955 metais, kai Zenith pristat\u0117 \u201eFlashmatic” \u2013 pirm\u0105j\u012f belaid\u012f pultel\u012f. Jis naudojo matom\u0105 \u0161vies\u0105, kuri nukreipta \u012f televizoriaus kampuose esan\u010dius fotoelementinius jutiklius. Skamb\u0117jo gerai, bet praktikoje buvo problemi\u0161ka \u2013 bet kuri \u0161viesa gal\u0117jo suaktyvinti televizori\u0173. Saul\u0117s spinduliai pro lang\u0105 gal\u0117jo atsitiktinai perjungti kanalus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tada at\u0117jo ultragarso era. 1956 metais \u201eSpace Command” pultelis naudojo mechaninius plaktukus, kurie spaud\u017eiami skleid\u0117 auk\u0161to da\u017enio gars\u0105, kur\u012f \u017emogus negird\u0117jo, bet televizorius \u201egird\u0117jo”. \u0160ie pultai net nereikalavo baterij\u0173 \u2013 mechanin\u0117 energija buvo pakankama. Bet jie buvo triuk\u0161mingi (\u0161unys kartais reaguodavo), brang\u016bs gaminti ir jautr\u016bs aplinkos garsams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Infraraudonieji spinduliai tapo standartu 1980-aisiais, kai \u0161viesos diodai tapo pakankamai pig\u016bs ir patikimi masinei gamybai. Nuo tada \u0161i technologija i\u0161 esm\u0117s nepasikeit\u0117 \u2013 vis dar naudojame tuos pa\u010dius principus, tik mikroprocesoriai tapo galingesni, o kodavimo schemos sud\u0117tingesn\u0117s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Praktiniai patarimai pulto prie\u017ei\u016brai<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jei norite, kad j\u016bs\u0173 pultelis tarnaut\u0173 ilgai ir patikimai, yra keletas paprast\u0173 dalyk\u0173, kuriuos galite padaryti. Pirma, naudokite kokybi\u0161kus baterijas. Pigios baterijos ne tik grei\u010diau i\u0161sikre\u010dia, bet kartais ir prateka, sugadindamos pulto elektronik\u0105. Jei ilgai nesinaudojate pulteliu (pavyzd\u017eiui, i\u0161va\u017eiuojate atostog\u0173), geriau i\u0161imti baterijas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reguliariai valykite pult\u0105. Ant mygtuk\u0173 ir korpuso kaupiasi dulk\u0117s, riebalai ir \u012fvairios ne\u0161varos. Tai ne tik nehigieni\u0161ka, bet gali trukdyti mygtukams tinkamai veikti. Naudokite \u0161iek tiek dr\u0117gn\u0105 (ne \u0161lapi\u0105!) audin\u012f su nedideliu kiekiu \u0161velnaus valiklio. Tarpus tarp mygtuk\u0173 galite i\u0161valyti krap\u0161tuku ar senu dant\u0173 \u0161epet\u0117liu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jei pultelis nukrito ir nustojo veikti, pirma patikrinkite baterijas \u2013 jos gal\u0117jo pajud\u0117ti. Jei tai nepadeda, atsargiai atidarykite pultel\u012f (paprastai yra var\u017eteliai po baterij\u0173 dangteliu) ir patikrinkite, ar neatsijung\u0117 kokia nors detal\u0117. Kartais tiesiog reikia \u0161velniai paspausti infraraudon\u0105j\u012f diod\u0105 atgal \u012f viet\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saugokite pult\u0105 nuo dr\u0117gm\u0117s. Jei ant jo i\u0161siliejote g\u0117rim\u0105, kuo grei\u010diau i\u0161imkite baterijas ir leiskite jam i\u0161d\u017ei\u016bti bent par\u0105. Galite j\u012f \u0161velniai nuplauti distiliuotu vandeniu (ne \u010diaupo!), bet tik jei i\u0161ard\u0117te ir i\u0161\u0117m\u0117te vis\u0105 elektronik\u0105. Paprastas korpusas ir guminiai mygtukai gali b\u016bti plauti, bet elektronin\u0117 plok\u0161t\u0117 \u2013 tikrai ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kas ateina vietoj infraraudon\u0173j\u0173 spinduli\u0173<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nors infraraudonieji spinduliai vis dar dominuoja, technologijos juda \u012f priek\u012f. Vis daugiau \u012frengini\u0173 pereina prie Bluetooth ar Wi-Fi valdymo. \u0160ios technologijos turi dideli\u0173 prana\u0161um\u0173 \u2013 joms nereikia tiesiogin\u0117s matymo linijos, jos veikia pro sienas, o valdymo atstumas daug didesnis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I\u0161manieji telefonai tapo universaliais pultais daugeliui \u017emoni\u0173. Yra program\u0117li\u0173, kurios gali valdyti beveik bet kok\u012f \u012frengin\u012f namuose. Kai kurie telefonai vis dar turi integruotus infraraudon\u0173j\u0173 spinduli\u0173 si\u0173stuvus b\u016btent \u0161iam tikslui, bet dauguma dabar naudoja Wi-Fi ar Bluetooth ry\u0161\u012f su i\u0161maniaisiais televizoriais ir kitais \u012frenginiais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Balso valdymas taip pat kei\u010dia \u017eaidimo taisykles. Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant ir pana\u0161\u016bs asistentai leid\u017eia valdyti \u012frenginius tiesiog kalbant. Nebereikia ie\u0161koti pulto tarp pagalvi\u0173 \u2013 tiesiog pasakote \u201e\u012fjunk televizori\u0173” ir viskas. Tiesa, \u0161ios sistemos reikalauja interneto ry\u0161io ir kelia privatumo klausim\u0173, kuri\u0173 infraraudonieji spinduliai tikrai nekelia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kod\u0117l ta sena technologija vis dar gyva<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Galite paklausti \u2013 jei yra tiek daug naujesni\u0173 technologij\u0173, kod\u0117l vis dar naudojame infraraudonuosius spindulius? Atsakymas paprastas: jie veikia, yra pig\u016bs ir patikimi. Infraraudonasis diodas ir imtuvas kainuoja centus, jiems nereikia sud\u0117tingos programin\u0117s \u012frangos ar interneto ry\u0161io. Jie tiesiog veikia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Be to, infraraudonieji spinduliai turi saugumo prana\u0161um\u0105 \u2013 jie nepraeina pro sienas, tod\u0117l niekas negali valdyti j\u016bs\u0173 televizoriaus i\u0161 lauko. Su Wi-Fi ar Bluetooth teori\u0161kai galima \u012fsilau\u017eti \u012f sistem\u0105, nors praktikoje tai sud\u0117tinga ir ma\u017eai tik\u0117tina. Bet infraraudonieji spinduliai yra fizi\u0161kai apsaugoti \u2013 reikia b\u016bti tame pa\u010diame kambaryje ir tur\u0117ti tiesiogin\u0119 matomumo linij\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paprastumas taip pat svarbus. Seni \u017emon\u0117s ar technologij\u0173 nem\u0117gstantys asmenys lengvai supranta, kaip veikia paprastas pultelis su mygtukais. Nereikia jungtis prie Wi-Fi, nereikia atsisi\u0173sti program\u0117l\u0117s, nereikia susikurti paskyros. Tiesiog \u012fdedi baterijas ir veikia. \u0160is paprastumas turi did\u017eiul\u0119 vert\u0119.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Galiausiai, infraraudonieji spinduliai neturi v\u0117lavimo. Bluetooth ar Wi-Fi ry\u0161ys gali tur\u0117ti minimal\u0173, bet pastebim\u0105 v\u0117lavim\u0105 tarp mygtuko paspaudimo ir \u012frenginio reakcijos. Infraraudonieji spinduliai veikia beveik momenti\u0161kai \u2013 \u0161viesa keliauja 300 000 kilometr\u0173 per sekund\u0119, tod\u0117l keli\u0173 metr\u0173 atstumas \u012fveikiamas akimirksniu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taigi, nors technologijos tobul\u0117ja ir atsiranda nauj\u0173 valdymo b\u016bd\u0173, tas ma\u017eas plastikas su infraraudonuoju diodu dar ilgai i\u0161liks m\u016bs\u0173 svetain\u0117se. Jis galb\u016bt n\u0117ra pats moderniausiasis ar \u012fsp\u016bdingiausias technologijos pasiekimas, bet jis puikiai atlieka savo darb\u0105 \u2013 leid\u017eia mums patogiai valdyti \u012frenginius, nesikeliant nuo sofos. O argi ne tam ir buvo visa tai sugalvota?<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kaip tas ma\u017eas plastikas valdo j\u016bs\u0173 televizori\u0173 Gal kada nors susim\u0105st\u0117te, kaip tas nedidelis pultelis j\u016bs\u0173 rankose gali valdyti televizori\u0173,…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5715,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5718","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-automobiline-ir-namu-garso-aparatura-technika-remontas","wpcat-23-id"],"yoast_head":"\nNuotolinio valdymo pulto infraraudonieji spinduliai<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/elmeistrai.lt\/fr\/nuotolinio-valdymo-pulto-infraraudonieji-spinduliai\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta 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