{"id":7191,"date":"2026-06-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-14T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elmeistrai.lt\/?p=7191"},"modified":"2026-01-14T12:46:29","modified_gmt":"2026-01-14T10:46:29","slug":"kaip-veikia-pwm-valdymo-sistemos-elektronikoje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elmeistrai.lt\/en\/kaip-veikia-pwm-valdymo-sistemos-elektronikoje\/","title":{"rendered":"Kaip veikia PWM valdymo sistemos elektronikoje"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kas yra tas paslaptingas PWM?<\/h2>\n

Jei kada nors reguliavote LED lemput\u0117s ry\u0161kum\u0105, vald\u0117te elektrin\u012f motor\u0105 ar net keisdavote kompiuterio au\u0161intuvo greit\u012f, grei\u010diausiai naudojote PWM technologij\u0105, net to ne\u017einodami. PWM \u2013 tai Pulse Width Modulation arba impuls\u0173 plo\u010dio moduliacija lietuvi\u0161kai. Skamba sud\u0117tingai, bet i\u0161 tikr\u0173j\u0173 tai viena papras\u010diausi\u0173 ir geniali\u0173 b\u016bd\u0173 valdyti elektronines sistemas.<\/p>\n

\u012esivaizduokite, kad turite \u0161viesos jungikl\u012f ir norite, kad lempa \u0161vies\u0173 ne visu paj\u0117gumu, o tik pusiau. Gal\u0117tum\u0117te \u012fd\u0117ti rezistori\u0173, kuris apribot\u0173 srov\u0119, bet tai neefektyvu \u2013 dalis energijos tiesiog i\u0161sisklaidyt\u0173 kaip \u0161iluma. PWM sprend\u017eia \u0161i\u0105 problem\u0105 kitaip: jis tiesiog labai greitai \u012fjungia ir i\u0161jungia maitinim\u0105. Jei lempa \u012fjungta 50% laiko ir i\u0161jungta 50% laiko, o tai vyksta pakankamai greitai, m\u016bs\u0173 akys mato vidutinio ry\u0161kumo \u0161vies\u0105.<\/p>\n

\u0160tai \u010dia ir slypi PWM gro\u017eis \u2013 jis ne\u0161vaisto energijos kaip \u0161ilumos, nes \u012frenginys arba visi\u0161kai \u012fjungtas, arba visi\u0161kai i\u0161jungtas. N\u0117ra joki\u0173 tarpini\u0173 b\u016bsen\u0173, kuriose energija tiesiog dingst\u0173 veltui.<\/p>\n

Kaip tai veikia praktikoje<\/h2>\n

PWM signalas susideda i\u0161 keli\u0173 pagrindini\u0173 parametr\u0173. Pirmiausia \u2013 tai da\u017enis, matuojamas hercais (Hz). Jis parodo, kiek kart\u0173 per sekund\u0119 signalas pakartojamas. Pavyzd\u017eiui, 1000 Hz da\u017enis rei\u0161kia, kad signalas kartojasi t\u016bkstant\u012f kart\u0173 per sekund\u0119.<\/p>\n

Antrasis svarbus parametras \u2013 tai darbo ciklas (duty cycle). Jis i\u0161rei\u0161kiamas procentais ir parodo, kiek laiko signalas yra auk\u0161toje b\u016bsenoje (\u012fjungtas) palyginti su visu periodo laiku. 25% darbo ciklas rei\u0161kia, kad signalas \u012fjungtas ketvirtadal\u012f laiko, o 75% \u2013 tris ketvirtadalius.<\/p>\n

Kai turite 100% darbo cikl\u0105, \u012frenginys veikia visu paj\u0117gumu. 0% darbo ciklas \u2013 \u012frenginys visi\u0161kai i\u0161jungtas. Visa magija vyksta tarp \u0161i\u0173 reik\u0161mi\u0173. Keisdami darbo cikl\u0105, galite tiksliai kontroliuoti vidutin\u0119 gali\u0105, kuri patenka \u012f \u012frengin\u012f.<\/p>\n

Kod\u0117l akis ar motorai nemato mirks\u0117jimo<\/h3>\n

\u010cia \u012fsiterpia \u012fdomus fizikos ir biologijos derinys. \u017dmogaus akis turi tam tikr\u0105 inercijos savyb\u0119 \u2013 ji negali u\u017efiksuoti labai greit\u0173 poky\u010di\u0173. Jei \u0161viesa mirks\u0117s grei\u010diau nei ma\u017edaug 50-100 kart\u0173 per sekund\u0119, mes matome tik vidutin\u012f ry\u0161kum\u0105. B\u016btent tod\u0117l seni kino filmai, kurie rodo 24 kadrus per sekund\u0119, atrodo skland\u016bs \u2013 m\u016bs\u0173 smegenys u\u017epildo tarpus.<\/p>\n

Elektriniams varikliams irgi reikia laiko sureaguoti \u012f poky\u010dius. J\u0173 mechanin\u0117 inercija veikia kaip nat\u016bralus filtras \u2013 jie tiesiog negali taip greitai sustoti ir v\u0117l \u012fsib\u0117g\u0117ti, tod\u0117l reaguoja \u012f vidutin\u0119 gaut\u0105 gali\u0105.<\/p>\n

Kur naudojamas PWM \u0161iuolaikin\u0117je elektronikoje<\/h2>\n

PWM technologija yra visur aplink mus, net jei to nepastebime. LED ap\u0161vietimas \u2013 viena akivaizdiausi\u0173 sri\u010di\u0173. Visi modern\u016bs LED \u0161viestuvo reguliatoriai naudoja PWM. Tai leid\u017eia tiksliai valdyti ry\u0161kum\u0105 nuo 0 iki 100% be joki\u0173 papildom\u0173 komponent\u0173.<\/p>\n

Kompiuteri\u0173 au\u0161intuvai \u2013 dar viena kasdien\u0117 PWM pritaikymo sritis. J\u016bs\u0173 procesoriaus au\u0161intuvas grei\u010diausiai valdomas PWM signalu. Kai procesorius \u0161iltas, darbo ciklas did\u0117ja, ventiliatorius sukasi grei\u010diau. Kai atv\u0117sta \u2013 l\u0117t\u0117ja. Tai leid\u017eia palaikyti optimali\u0105 temperat\u016br\u0105 ir triuk\u0161mo lyg\u012f.<\/p>\n

Elektros \u012frankiai ir robotika<\/h3>\n

Beveik visi \u0161iuolaikiniai elektriniai \u012frankiai naudoja PWM motor\u0173 valdymui. Kai spaud\u017eiate gr\u0119\u017etuvo gaiduk\u0105, i\u0161 tikr\u0173j\u0173 kei\u010diate PWM darbo cikl\u0105. Pusiau paspaudus \u2013 ma\u017eesnis darbo ciklas, l\u0117tesnis sukimasis. Iki galo \u2013 100% darbo ciklas, maksimali galia.<\/p>\n

Robotikoje PWM naudojamas servo varikli\u0173 valdymui. \u010cia PWM impuls\u0173 ilgis nulemia servo pozicij\u0105. Paprastai 1 ms impulsas rei\u0161kia vien\u0105 kra\u0161tin\u0119 pad\u0117t\u012f, 2 ms \u2013 kit\u0105, o tarpin\u0117s reik\u0161m\u0117s \u2013 tarpines pozicijas. Tai standartizuotas metodas, kur\u012f palaiko beveik visi servo varikliai.<\/p>\n

Kaip generuojamas PWM signalas<\/h2>\n

Yra keletas b\u016bd\u0173 sukurti PWM signal\u0105. Papras\u010diausias \u2013 naudoti mikrovaldikl\u012f. Beveik visi \u0161iuolaikiniai mikrovaldikliai (Arduino, ESP32, STM32 ir kiti) turi integruotus PWM generatorius. Programuotojas tiesiog nurodo norim\u0105 da\u017en\u012f ir darbo cikl\u0105, o aparatin\u0117 \u012franga pasir\u016bpina viskuo kitu.<\/p>\n

Pavyzd\u017eiui, Arduino aplinkoje PWM signalo generavimas atrodo taip paprasta:<\/p>\n

analogWrite(pin, 128); \/\/ 50% darbo ciklas (128 i\u0161 255)<\/code><\/p>\n

Senesn\u0117se sistemose PWM buvo generuojamas naudojant specialius mikroschem\u0173 \u2013 PWM valdiklius. Tai dedikuoti komponentai, sukurti tik PWM signalams generuoti. Jie vis dar naudojami pramonin\u0117se sistemose, kur reikalingas auk\u0161tas patikimumas.<\/p>\n

Analoginis PWM generavimas<\/h3>\n

\u012edomu tai, kad PWM galima sukurti net be joki\u0173 skaitmenini\u0173 komponent\u0173. Naudojant operacinius stiprintuvus, komparatorius ir trikamp\u0117s bangos generatorius, galima sukurti analogin\u012f PWM generatori\u0173. Trikamp\u0117 banga palyginama su valdymo \u012ftampa \u2013 kai valdymo \u012ftampa auk\u0161tesn\u0117 u\u017e trikamp\u0119 bang\u0105, i\u0161\u0117jimas auk\u0161tas, kai \u017eemesn\u0117 \u2013 \u017eemas. Kei\u010diant valdymo \u012ftamp\u0105, kei\u010diasi darbo ciklas.<\/p>\n

\u0160is metodas naudojamas kai kuriuose maitinimo \u0161altiniuose ir galios keitikliuose, ypa\u010d ten, kur reikalingas labai greitas atsakas \u012f poky\u010dius.<\/p>\n

PWM ir galios elektronika<\/h2>\n

Viena svarbiausi\u0173 PWM pritaikymo sri\u010di\u0173 \u2013 tai galios keitikliai. DC-DC keitikliai, kurie kei\u010dia vien\u0105 nuolatin\u0117s srov\u0117s \u012ftamp\u0105 \u012f kit\u0105, beveik visi veikia PWM principu. J\u016bs\u0173 telefono \u012fkroviklis, ne\u0161iojamojo kompiuterio maitinimo blokas, saul\u0117s baterij\u0173 valdikliai \u2013 visur PWM.<\/p>\n

Buck keitiklis (\u017eeminantis) naudoja PWM valdym\u0105, kad suma\u017eint\u0173 \u012ftamp\u0105. Kai raktas (tranzistorius) \u012fjungtas, energija kaupiasi induktoriuje. Kai i\u0161jungtas, ta energija atiduodama \u012f apkrov\u0105 per diod\u0105. Kei\u010diant darbo cikl\u0105, kei\u010diama vidutin\u0117 i\u0161\u0117jimo \u012ftampa.<\/p>\n

Boost keitiklis (kelian\u010dis) veikia pana\u0161iai, tik topologija kitokia. \u010cia PWM leid\u017eia pakelti \u012ftamp\u0105 auk\u0161\u010diau nei \u012f\u0117jimo. Tai naudojama, pavyzd\u017eiui, LED \u017eibintuv\u0117liuose, kur i\u0161 vienos 1.5V baterijos reikia gauti 3V LED maitinimui.<\/p>\n

Efektyvumas \u2013 pagrindinis privalumas<\/h3>\n

Kod\u0117l PWM taip populiarus galios elektronikoje? Atsakymas \u2013 efektyvumas. Kai tranzistorius visi\u0161kai \u012fjungtas, jo var\u017ea labai ma\u017ea, tod\u0117l ant jo nukrenta labai ma\u017ea \u012ftampa ir i\u0161sisklaid\u017eia nedaug galios. Kai visi\u0161kai i\u0161jungtas, per j\u012f neteka srov\u0117, tod\u0117l v\u0117lgi n\u0117ra nuostoli\u0173. Nuostoliai atsiranda tik perjungimo momentais, bet jei tie momentai trumpi, bendras efektyvumas gali siekti 90-98%.<\/p>\n

Palyginkite tai su lininiu reguliatoriumi, kuris tiesiog numeta perteklin\u0119 \u012ftamp\u0105 kaip \u0161ilum\u0105. Jo efektyvumas gali b\u016bti tik 30-50%, o likusi energija tiesiog \u0161ildyt\u0173 aplink\u0105.<\/p>\n

Praktiniai patarimai dirbant su PWM<\/h2>\n

Jei planuojate naudoti PWM savo projektuose, yra keletas dalyk\u0173, kuriuos verta \u017einoti. Pirmiausia \u2013 da\u017enio pasirinkimas. LED ap\u0161vietimui pakanka 100-500 Hz, bet geriau naudoti 1-2 kHz, kad tikrai neb\u016bt\u0173 jokio matom\u0173 mirks\u0117jimo. Motorams da\u017eniai paprastai b\u016bna 10-25 kHz \u2013 pakankamai auk\u0161ti, kad motorai tyliai veikt\u0173, bet ne per auk\u0161ti, kad neb\u016bt\u0173 dideli\u0173 perjungimo nuostoli\u0173.<\/p>\n

Kai valdote didel\u0119 apkrov\u0105, b\u016btinai reikalingas tinkamas tranzistorius ar MOSFET. Ne bet koks tranzistorius tinka PWM valdymui. Reikia toki\u0173, kurie greitai persijungia ir turi ma\u017e\u0105 \u012fsijungimo var\u017e\u0105 (RDS(on) MOSFET atveju). N-kanaliai MOSFET paprastai geresni nei P-kanaliai didel\u0117ms apkrovoms.<\/p>\n

Filtravimas ir triuk\u0161mai<\/h3>\n

PWM signalai gali sukelti elektromagnetinius triuk\u0161mus. Ypa\u010d kai jungiate didelius variklius ar kitas induktyvias apkrovas. Visada naudokite atjungimo kondensatorius (bypass capacitors) \u0161alia galios komponent\u0173. Jie sugeria auk\u0161tada\u017enius triuk\u0161mus ir apsaugo kitus grandin\u0117s elementus.<\/p>\n

Jei reikia gauti glotni\u0105 nuolatin\u0119 \u012ftamp\u0105 i\u0161 PWM signalo, naudokite \u017eem\u0173 da\u017eni\u0173 filtr\u0105 (low-pass filter). Papras\u010diausias variantas \u2013 rezistorius ir kondensatorius. Filtro ribinis da\u017enis tur\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti \u017eymiai \u017eemesnis u\u017e PWM da\u017en\u012f, kad gautum\u0117te \u0161vari\u0105 i\u0161\u0117jimo \u012ftamp\u0105.<\/p>\n

PWM evoliucija ir ateitis<\/h2>\n

PWM technologija n\u0117ra nauja \u2013 jos prad\u017eia siekia 1960-uosius, kai prad\u0117jo plisti puslaidininki\u0173 technologijos. Ta\u010diau tikroji revoliucija \u012fvyko su mikrovaldikli\u0173 ir galios MOSFET atsiradim\u0173. Dabar PWM yra toks \u012fprastas, kad j\u012f rasite net pigiausiuose elektroniniuose \u012frenginiuose.<\/p>\n

\u0160iuolaikiniai mikrovaldikliai turi vis sud\u0117tingesnes PWM galimybes. Pavyzd\u017eiui, sinchroninis PWM, kai keli kanalai koordinuotai dirba kartu. Tai naudojama trifazi\u0173 motor\u0173 valdyme, kur trys PWM signalai turi b\u016bti tiksliai suderinti, kad variklis skland\u017eiai sukt\u0173si.<\/p>\n

GaN (galio nitrido) ir SiC (silicio karbido) tranzistori\u0173 atsiradimas leid\u017eia PWM sistemoms veikti dar auk\u0161tesniais da\u017eniais \u2013 iki keli\u0173 megaherc\u0173. Tai rei\u0161kia ma\u017eesnius komponentus, auk\u0161tesn\u012f efektyvum\u0105 ir kompakti\u0161kesnius \u012frenginius. J\u016bs\u0173 kitos kartos telefono \u012fkroviklis bus dar ma\u017eesnis ir efektyvesnis b\u016btent d\u0117l \u0161i\u0173 technologij\u0173.<\/p>\n

Kai PWM tampa menu: skaitmenin\u0117 moduliacija ir ne tik<\/h2>\n

Baigiant \u0161\u012f technologin\u012f ekskurs\u0105 \u012f PWM pasaul\u012f, verta suvokti, kad \u0161i technologija puikiai iliustruoja, kaip paprastos id\u0117jos gali b\u016bti ne\u012ftik\u0117tinai galingos. \u012ejungti ir i\u0161jungti \u2013 kas gali b\u016bti papras\u010diau? Ta\u010diau \u0161is principas maitina beveik vis\u0105 \u0161iuolaikin\u0119 elektronik\u0105.<\/p>\n

PWM gro\u017eis slypi jo universalume. Ta pati pagrindin\u0117 koncepcija veikia tiek ma\u017eyt\u0117je LED lemput\u0117je, tiek galingame pramoniniame variklyje. Skiriasi tik da\u017eniai, \u012ftampos lygiai ir galios, bet principas tas pats. Tai primena, kaip skaitmenin\u0117 technologija apskritai \u2013 visa informacija galiausiai tampa nuliukais ir vienetukais, \u012fjungta ir i\u0161jungta.<\/p>\n

Jei tik pradedate eksperimentuoti su elektronika, PWM yra puiki vieta prad\u0117ti. Jums nereikia brangi\u0173 \u012franki\u0173 ar sud\u0117ting\u0173 schem\u0173. Arduino plok\u0161t\u0117, keletas LED, galb\u016bt varikliukas \u2013 ir jau galite prakti\u0161kai patirti, kaip kei\u010diant darbo cikl\u0105 kei\u010diasi rezultatas. Tai viena i\u0161 t\u0173 technologij\u0173, kur teorija ir praktika susitinka labai ai\u0161kiai ir suprantamai.<\/p>\n

Taigi kit\u0105 kart\u0105, kai reguliuosite monitoriaus ry\u0161kum\u0105, keisit ventiliatoriaus greit\u012f ar valdysit bet kok\u012f elektronin\u012f \u012frengin\u012f, prisiminkite \u2013 ten viduje grei\u010diausiai dirba PWM, tyliai ir efektyviai atlikdamas savo darb\u0105. Ir tai veikia ne kokia nors magi\u0161ka technologija, o paprasta, eleganti\u0161ka id\u0117ja: greitai \u012fjungti ir i\u0161jungti, ir leisti prigim\u010diai pasir\u016bpinti viskuo kitu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kas yra tas paslaptingas PWM? Jei kada nors reguliavote LED lemput\u0117s ry\u0161kum\u0105, vald\u0117te elektrin\u012f motor\u0105 ar net keisdavote kompiuterio au\u0161intuvo…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7190,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7191","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kompiuteriu-remontas-kompiuteriai-naujienos-patarimai","wpcat-7-id"],"yoast_head":"\nKaip veikia PWM valdymo sistemos elektronikoje<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/elmeistrai.lt\/en\/kaip-veikia-pwm-valdymo-sistemos-elektronikoje\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kaip veikia PWM valdymo sistemos elektronikoje\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kas yra tas paslaptingas PWM? Jei kada nors reguliavote LED lemput\u0117s ry\u0161kum\u0105, vald\u0117te elektrin\u012f motor\u0105 ar net keisdavote kompiuterio au\u0161intuvo...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/elmeistrai.lt\/en\/kaip-veikia-pwm-valdymo-sistemos-elektronikoje\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Vilniuje, Kaune, Klaip\u0117doje, \u0160iauliuose\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/elmeistrai.lt\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-14T21:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/elmeistrai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Kaip_veikia_PWM_vald.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"867\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"elMeistrai\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"elMeistrai\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elmeistrai.lt\\\/kaip-veikia-pwm-valdymo-sistemos-elektronikoje\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elmeistrai.lt\\\/kaip-veikia-pwm-valdymo-sistemos-elektronikoje\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"elMeistrai\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elmeistrai.lt\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6363b621eb9606785f7f2ae9a52987f7\"},\"headline\":\"Kaip veikia PWM valdymo sistemos elektronikoje\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-14T21:00:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elmeistrai.lt\\\/kaip-veikia-pwm-valdymo-sistemos-elektronikoje\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1488,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elmeistrai.lt\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elmeistrai.lt\\\/kaip-veikia-pwm-valdymo-sistemos-elektronikoje\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elmeistrai.lt\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/Kaip_veikia_PWM_vald.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Kompiuteri\u0173 remontas, kompiuteriai, naujienos, patarimai\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elmeistrai.lt\\\/kaip-veikia-pwm-valdymo-sistemos-elektronikoje\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elmeistrai.lt\\\/kaip-veikia-pwm-valdymo-sistemos-elektronikoje\\\/\",\"name\":\"Kaip veikia PWM valdymo sistemos elektronikoje\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elmeistrai.lt\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elmeistrai.lt\\\/kaip-veikia-pwm-valdymo-sistemos-elektronikoje\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elmeistrai.lt\\\/kaip-veikia-pwm-valdymo-sistemos-elektronikoje\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elmeistrai.lt\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/Kaip_veikia_PWM_vald.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-14T21:00:00+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elmeistrai.lt\\\/kaip-veikia-pwm-valdymo-sistemos-elektronikoje\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/elmeistrai.lt\\\/kaip-veikia-pwm-valdymo-sistemos-elektronikoje\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elmeistrai.lt\\\/kaip-veikia-pwm-valdymo-sistemos-elektronikoje\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elmeistrai.lt\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/Kaip_veikia_PWM_vald.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elmeistrai.lt\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/Kaip_veikia_PWM_vald.jpg\",\"width\":867,\"height\":1300},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elmeistrai.lt\\\/kaip-veikia-pwm-valdymo-sistemos-elektronikoje\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elmeistrai.lt\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Kaip veikia PWM valdymo sistemos elektronikoje\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elmeistrai.lt\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elmeistrai.lt\\\/\",\"name\":\"Vilniuje, Kaune, Klaip\u0117doje, \u0160iauliuose\",\"description\":\"Nam\u0173 ir verslo elektronikos prietais\u0173 remontas. 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